Media Ownwership and Control free essay sample

This paper will give a review of proprietorship and control of the media by considering the possession and control examples and models that exist. Further the paper will dive profound into the hypothetical points of view of possession and control designs by thinking about the tyrant/extremist, libertarian and the social duty speculations of media proprietorship. In particular, possession and control patterns of the Kenya media will be examined, giving more consideration to cross responsibility for and the ramifications of this type of proprietorship to media industry and society by and large. The principle concern is that with the quick increment of cross media possession, where certain media houses run papers, TV channels ND radio broadcasts, the believability and lack of bias of the Kenya media is flawed. This is primarily on the grounds that in such a case, the data, news and general yield of TV and radio broadcasts are simply a synopsis of what was contained in the paper. We will compose a custom article test on Media Ownwership and Control or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The contention presented in this paper is that the Kenya media people because of cross possession. There is along these lines absence of majority of proprietorship and thus absence of majority of thoughts, conclusions and voices coming about because of mastery by few. To add to this, the significant proprietors are players in different parts and subsequently these media serve to serve and advance their different advantages. Along these lines, the proposal toward the finish, all things considered, is that guideline limiting grouping of proprietorship and cross media possession be brought to play to advance majority of ideas.Media possession and control are significant issues in media strategy in the field of correspondence which can't be neglected in seeing how media functions. The possession examples of media have changed world over because of general monetary development. Prior to the twentieth century, numerous media were possessed and constrained by the state. This anyway changed with the turn of the century carrying with it an ascent of various papers. Southern 2001) puts it that as ahead of schedule as the turn of the century, German press scholars were at that point managing the centralization of possession that was creating in the German economy and the ramifications of these media proprietorship designs. This pattern followed in most western countries where solid financial gatherings and aggregates got into media proprietorship prompting convergence of responsibility for media where scarcely any people or gatherings dealt with the media. For instance, as indicated by Southern (2001) the mid twentieth century saw the union of media proprietorship in the U. S. A because of financial weight and mounting rivalry which prompted direction of media chains. Numerous different countries including Britain and other European countries took up the pattern in the late sixties and as Southern (2001) puts it, these patterns and improvements educated different nations world over in to the extent possession and control of media is concerned. It is because of this that cross proprietorship and outside responsibility for media is in the expansion. In many nations, the media is a free enterprise activity that is essentially ruled and constrained by private gatherings whose significant drive is minimization of benefit. Responsibility for media lies in the possession of a couple of people or gatherings. As Lowlier Cannels (1994) call attention to, contemporary investigates show expanding levels of solidification, with the media business previously being profoundly thought and ruled by an exceptionally modest number of firms. This subsequently directs the media content where content that may compromise these interests is controlled or doctored to suite these reasons. While refering to Picador, Southern(2001) underpins this perspective contending that portion choices in such a media are made based on financial powers controlling tasks of the market. An investigation of Kenya Media proprietorship design calls attention to how the media is commanded y a couple of people through cross media possession along these lines restricting majority of thoughts and feelings. There is in this way need to comprehend media possession patterns for various reasons as set forward by Doyle(2002) who contends that one purpose behind understanding issues on media proprietorship is pluralism since concentrated media proprietors. What's more, he is of the feeling that this fixation limits the scope of voices that command the media subsequently compromising cultural interests. In such manner, it is significant that there are various media possession and control wears out which include: state proprietorship, business or private proprietorship, network possession and open proprietor Overview of Media Ownership and Control Patterns Although (1984) distinguishes four significant models or models of media possession. The first is the official model where the media sources are state claimed or controlled for instance Kenya broadcasting Corporation in Kenya, the Voice of America in America, and the CATV in China. The subsequent model is the business proprietorship which mirrors the philosophy of sponsors and their media claiming partners. In this type of proprietorship, the media is overwhelmed by private people or gatherings. The third model mirrors the financing gathering, for example, an ideological group or strict gathering. A case of political possession is the Kenya Times (old) which was claimed by the then decision party KANE. Thatchs (1984) states that the fourth model of possession are the casual example which mirrors the objectives of individual benefactors who needs to advance their perspectives. Note that the blend of these examples shifts from nation to nation and extra time inside nations. So also, Ferry, Silverberry Final (2009) recognize three fundamental worldwide media possession frameworks, every one of which practices a terminated impact on the development of media messages including state proprietorship, business possession and network possession. State Ownership and Control The property of this arrangement of proprietorship is that the news data offices have a place with the state. As indicated by Silverberry et. Al (2009), under this framework, the media is viewed as an instrument of the state. The administration sees the media as instruments to manage the individuals towards their social political and monetary predetermination. Thus all data, including analysis of the legislature is firmly controlled. The media is wend and constrained by the administration for the most part to engender its plan. This type of possession has been there for quite a while is still grasped by numerous nations. This contention is bolstered by Deferent (2007) who holds it that State possession and control of paper and radio were and stay a key part of socialist social orders, for example, the previous USSR, Romania, china and Cuba. Regardless of patterns towards changing and deregulation in liberal equitable frameworks; the state kept on having a contribution in the guideline of media, for example, radio and Television. The best case of state possessed media is the Kenya Broadcasting Company. Business/Private Media Ownership In this sort of possession, the media might be claimed by organizations constrained by people, families, investors or holding organizations. Verifiably, numerous papers were claimed, controlled and even altered by singular media business visionaries. In the nineteenth century, for instance, a considerable lot of the purported press nobles used extensive extra force and aligned themselves with the interests of the entrepreneur class hence overseeing numerous news sources. It is this type of possession that has prompted convergence of proprietorship where media cap business media possession may include various setups which include: Mono-media focuses and cross media/sight and sound fixations. Mono media fixations or flat focus alludes to concentrated possession inside a solitary area of action, for example, papers, distributing, radio or TV while cross media or sight and sound fixation then again alludes to normal proprietorship across various sorts of news sources. It alludes to the way that worldwide media companies are crossing media limits and put resources into a wide scope of media items trying to augment benefit. For instance, responsibility for TV slot, radio broadcast and a paper by a similar individual or gathering. Doyle (2012) further says that cross media fixation can reflect either vertical or corner to corner mix or both where vertical combination alludes to the normal possession across various stages in the gracefully chain of a media item, for example, TV software engineer creation and TV broadcasting. For instance, Royal Media Services Produce software engineer, for example, Papa Shirttails and show them. Corner to corner incorporation then again meaner regular possession between various divisions, for example, Television and papers or papers and radio. Models in the Kenya Scene is Nation Media Group which claims The Daily Nation, ANT and various radio broadcasts, for example, Easy FM and Q FM. Inclining reconciliation additionally happens when firms broaden into new undertakings, for example, mechanical creation or media transmission. As prior referenced private proprietorship prompts media firms putting benefit above open intrigue which can prompt social rot in that well known media can become homogeneity. It regularly brings about industry focus, which thusly prompts stiffing or elective perspectives. Then again, advantages of private media possession has a few advantages which incorporate the way that it can bring about better quality items because of rivalry, the enthusiasm of losing piece of the overall industry to a contender powers firms to advance their best items. Network Media Ownership According to Silverberry et. L (2009), Community based media are autonomous, network possessed and run media which are normally composed on a non-benefit premise by explicit int

The Culture of the Israel People And Historical Back Ground of the Essay

The Culture of the Israel People And Historical Back Ground of the Socio-social Setting of the Value, Norms And Religious Belief of Israel People - Essay Example This article focuses on that significant masterpiece symphonies, involving the broadly known and acclaimed Israel’s Philharmonic Orchestra, ensembles, a drama organization and number of chamber groups present everywhere throughout the nation. Master move gatherings, in addition to society move troupes, perform all the time before energized observers. The association connecting the nation's over a significant time span is approved through a few recorded archeological spots, representing a huge number of long periods of history. This paper makes an end that in the Middle East district minimal political change had occurred since most recent three decades. Indeed the administrations of the Middle East had demonstrated an exceptional soundness. Aside from Islamic upset in Iran and a military takeover in Sudan in 1989, the locale had been consistent. Practically all heads of state had been administering for extensive stretch. Iran, the main country in the locale experienced an upset in the previous 25 years, gave the ability to new pioneers through decisions. Deaths in Egypt and Israel caused in new pioneers however didn't adjust the fundamental political game plan in those nations. It is clear the Western social had impact in the Middle East particularly in Israel. The socio social setting of Israel has parcel of decent varieties in view of resettlement of Jews from different nations. All in all one can say that the cutting edge country of Israel advanced because of confronting steady battles and difficulties.

Shelter of Dreams Review Essay Example

Haven of Dreams Review Paper Exposition on Shelter of Dreams Mocked by pundits for its naivetã © and nostalgia, twenty-two years the creator of Shelter of Dreams promised never to put pen to paper. The outcome was an incredible Remarque, and his first novel - . Prior to you You ought to never pass judgment on individuals for their composed words, phrases, books, at last Especially, don't pass judgment on a virtuoso Probably simply the central cores of men solidified and clever to see us between the lines naivetã © and wistfulness of the writer, it isn't obvious to us, however much as could be expected so cliché composing no different words pretty much no different love yet we have overlooked the virtuoso lies in straightforwardness The asylum of dreams is striking and contacting to the heart it is the effortlessness and straightforwardness. It is hard to find in crafted by the future by the war Remarque, with its bleeding, fierce and now and again alarming portrayals of the war-for what it's worth. Furthermore, don't attempt to see There is nothing in this Here is a similar life, similar individuals in the feverish pre-war time, in a significant period, individuals who are simply beginning grown-up existence with every one of its traps, who figure out how to adore and excuse. We will compose a custom exposition test on Shelter of Dreams Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Shelter of Dreams Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Shelter of Dreams Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer that pardoning is one of the watchwords of this book. Absolution because of incredible love is pardoning . Shockingly, the part we, conventional perusers and pundits abstract, everything appears to be wistful and guileless Unfortunately it is outlandish not saturated as for the steadiness of Remarque and his immovability, since then satisfy it, at 22 years of age, the vow would without a doubt denied of abstract virtuoso, and the world possibly shaken someones confidence in adoration and absolution ..

Everyone Has The Right to Privacy Essay Example for Free

Everybody Has The Right to Privacy Essay Everybody has the option to security. This is the option to not have insights regarding our lives to be held or flowed without our insight/assent. Information of work force nature are gather from time to time by associations. For instance: * Employers hold staff records that remember information for address, age, capability, compensation, wiped out leave, etc. * Stores hold detail on charge card installment, accounts history, things bought; * Banks hold subtleties on pay, pay and withdrawals, direct charges to different associations; * Insurance organizations hold detail on property, vehicles, mishaps, cases and wellbeing. This rundown is unending. Current innovation has made it conceivable to store tremendous amounts of information, with the goal that it tends to be seen from everywhere throughout the world thus that it very well may be utilized to make a profile of a person. Dangers to data Systems Associations can ensure the trustworthiness of information (by forestalling mistaken information passage, malevolent or incidental modification), and straightforward measures can be taken to secure the security of information structure robbery or annihilation. Information Integrity This alludes to the rightness of information. The information hung on a PC may get wrong, degenerate or of low quality. This could occur at various phases of information preparing. 1. Blunders in the Input. Information might be entered in wrongly. 2. Blunders in Operating Procedure. An update program might be ran twice in mistake, in this way the ace record would be refreshed twice. 3. Program blunders could prompt defilement of documents. Another framework may have blunders in it which may not surface for quite a while, yet they might be presented during program support. Standard Clerical methodology To ensure against input and working, systems can be archived and followed for both info and yield. Information * Data passage must be constrained to approved work force as it were * In huge volume information passage, information might be confirmed (entered in twice), to prepare for keying mistakes * Data control aggregates must be utilized any place conceivable to check the culmination and precision of the information, and to monitor any replicating/duplication or unlawful passage. Yield * All yield must be examined for sensibility and any irregularities researched. * Printed yield containing delicate data ought to be destroyed after use. Compose securing Disks Compose securing circles and tapes can be utilized to keep away from coincidental overwrite on a plate or a tape. This can be viable against an administrator mistake. The two circles and tapes have compose ensuring components. Client IDs and passwords Every client in an association who is allowed to the entrance of the organization database is given with a client id and a secret word. As a rule there are sure degrees of access at which workers can get to information. The absolute most regular secret word rules are: * Passwords must be in any event six characters * The secret word show must be naturally stifled on the screen or printed yield * Files containing passwords must be scrambled * All clients must guarantee that their secret key is kept private, not recorded, not made up of effortlessly speculated words and is changed no less than like clockwork. Access rights Indeed, even approved clients wear not typically reserve the privilege to see all the information hung on a PC. for example A medical clinic assistant may reserve the option to view and change some patient subtleties, for example, the name, address, and arrangements. Be that as it may, they might not approach the patients clinical record. Access rights to information could be set to peruse just, read/compose or no entrance. Along these lines a client in an organization can access information which they are allowed to see and can possibly change information on the off chance that they are approved to do as such. In like manner, the PC it self can be customized to permit access to information from a specific terminal, and just at a specific time of day. The terminal in the chairmen office might be the main terminal which has authorisation to change the structure of a database. An entrance registry can be made, which shows every client get to rights. Making sure about against false use or pernicious harm Associations are frequently presented due to: * The chance of misrepresentation; * The conscious debasement of information by miserable representatives; * Theft of programming or information which may fall under the control of their rivals. Measures to contradict these dangers are as per the following. * Careful choice of representatives * Immediate expulsion of representatives who have been sacked or who submit their renunciation, and the retraction of their passwords and authorisation. * Separation of obligations. This is to guarantee the inclusion of at least two individuals to dupe the organization. * Prevention of unapproved access by workers and others to make sure about zones, for example, PC activities rooms, by the utilization of machine meaningful cards/identifications or different kinds of locks. * The utilization off passwords to access databases. * Educate staff to know about security breaks, and to be alert in forestalling them or revealing them. * Appointing a security administrator who can, with the utilization of unique programming, screen all PC screens. The extraordinary programming can likewise be utilized to record all logins at every terminal, time of logins and the occasions specific programming is utilized. It will even log the security directors exercises. Security against Viruses Steps can be taken to limit the danger of experiencing harm infections: * Making sure that all product which is bought is in fixed, sealed bundling; * Not allowing floppy circles conveying programming of and kind to be expelled from or brought into the workplace; * Using subterranean insect infection programming to register all applications carried with the workplace. Biometric safety efforts Biometric techniques for recognizing an approved client are unique mark checking, voice acknowledgment and face acknowledgment. One such framework utilizes infra-red scanners to catch the interesting example of veins under the skin. This framework can even separate between indistinguishable twins by looking at the sweeps. Interchanges Security Broadcast communications frameworks are defenseless against programmers who find client ids and passwords and can access a database from their own PC. One approach to keep away from this is to utilize get back to technique. This is the point at which a remote client signs on, the PC consequently gets back to that client on a pre-orchestrated number to affirm the sign on. Information encryption can likewise be utilized to scramble exceptionally touchy or secret information before transmitting it. Catastrophe Planning Regardless of what insurances are taken, the chance of information being wrecked is consistently incredible. A straightforward plate head crash can devastate a circle pressing a small amount of a second. Framework architects must give a sensible reinforcement office that doesn't debase the exhibition of the framework and isn't extravagant. The expense of absence of getting ready for a PC disappointment can be ruinous. Intermittent Backups The most well-known approach to guarantee that information isn't lost is to make customary duplicates of records into a sheltered spot. This is called Periodic Backups. This plan has a few shortcomings: * All updates to a document since the last reinforcement might be lost; * The frameworks may should be closed down during reinforcement tasks; * Backups of huge records can be tedious; * When a disappointment happens, recuperation from the reinforcement can be much additional tedious. An advantage is that documents which may have been divided can be redesigned to possess littler measures of same, bringing about quicker access time. It is imperative to store duplicates of information in secure zones. One duplicate of information can be held in a flame resistant safe in a structure and another off-site. Recuperation systems An alternate course of action should be created to permit quick recuperation of significant interruptions. It is important to do the accompanying in reinforcement methods: 1. Recognize elective good hardware and security offices, or actualize an assistance understanding which gives gear when required. 2. Have arrangement for elective correspondence joins.

Real Options Theory in Strategic Management

Question: Examine about the Real Options Theory in Strategic Management. Answer: Woolworths constrained is a significant Australian organization, which has the specialization in the retailing area. The matter of this association is likewise well known in New Zealand. Eden Ackermann (2013) referenced that Woolworths is the second biggest association by income in Australia. Woolworths opened its first outlet in the time of 1924 in Sydney. Then again, Woolworths has additionally market chain in Australia possessed by Woolworths constrained. The Headquarter of this organization is at Bella Vista, New South Wales, Australia. Woolworths structure a duopoly showcase in the Australian stores, alongside the bookkeeping of 80% of the Australian grocery store. Woolworths has the specialization is the selling goods, for example, vegetables, organic products, meat, bundled nourishments and so on. Woolworths by and by works 980 stores all through the Australia. In this association, it very well may be expressed that a portion of the Woolworths general stores exchange as Safeway store. The stores are situated in Victoria, comprising three outlets in Melbournes rural areas just as in the encompassing territories. Then again, four stores are additionally arranged in country locale of Victoria and in the southern New South Wales. As per Rothaermel (2015), it tends to be referenced that Woolworths has started unwaveringness plot, which incorporate an enormous number of motivators for buying stores by financing the petroleum costs at the Caltex Woolworths gas stations. Despite what might be expected, the organization has declared lost $1.235 billion in the time of 2016. Because of the loss of $2 billion in aces business and in Big W organizations, the presentation of Woolworths has diminished in 2016. Recognize and assess the associations current technique So as to examine the business methodology of an association, it is important to talk about the objective of the association. The objective of the matter of Woolworths is to offer need to the shoppers of the association at the main position. To accomplish this business objective, Woolworths has meant to the five business procedures. Woolworths fabricate a customer and store drove culture and group. Furthermore, it defines economical deals force in basic food item. Thirdly, this association develops beverages to the business so as to give more valuation and accommodation to the buyers. Fourthly, Woolworths enable the portfolio business to follow the association techniques so as to convey the investors valuation. Finally, Barney Hesterly (2015) opined that Woolworths become a lean retailer as far as start to finish methodology. All the more explicitly, it very well may be referenced that the business system of Woolworths is engaged upon the three significant standards, for example, offer, development and productivity. According to the rule of offer, Woolworths is improving the essential proposal to guarantee that the buyers put the organization first. The development system features the business advancements to accomplish the necessities of the shoppers. In conclusion, the productivity is useful to make the further customer valuation by orchestrating achievement. What's more, Morschett, Schramm-Klein Zentes (2015) refered to that proficiency technique additionally follow to execute the lean retail model in their business. What's more, it tends to be expressed Woolworths has meant to the structure of retail tem, who are tuning in to the purchasers, other colleagues and furthermore the providers. In this manner, in this reason, it very well may be referenced that Woolworths constantly attempted to offer need to the partners of the association. Moreover, the association additionally engaged to gather every day criticism from the buyers, which can make the exhibition of the association better from the past. Thus, the group of Woolworths consistently meant to improve the shopping experience of the purchasers. The beverage business of Woolworths, for example, Dan Murphy and BWS consistently planned to execute advancement in their business so as to give the ideal valuation just as comfort to the customers, in their outlets and in on the web. From the above figure, it very well may be seen that the business procedure of Woolworths is relying on five fundamental segments. They for the most part function as a group. In this regard, Morden (2016) referenced to keep up their collaboration, correspondence among the administration and the laborers require to be more noteworthy. Furthermore, they attempted to diminish the cost of the items so as to make the business effective. The shoppers are eager to buy the items from this organization. In this specific situation, Frynas Mellahi (2015) opined that Woolworths constantly engaged to the new estimating and the worth technique, which can kill the opposition with Coles and Aldi. The business execution of Coles and Aldi likewise have an effect on the deals of Woolworths. Woolworths incorporate lower valuing and better going. Hence, it tends to be referenced that the key idea of Woolworths with respect to the evaluating structure of the items can be depicted as higher caliber and bet ter cost. Besides, it very well may be noticed that to make a business fruitful, the association requires to keep update their items. Consequently, Woolworths expected to build up their firm image so as to extend their business more in the national market just as in the worldwide markets. They likewise give their buyers offers on the selling items. This can build the deals of the association. In addition, Woolworths additionally offer the purchasers reliability program. This association now and again gives limits to their clients, with the goal that they feel intrigued to buy the items from their stores. Changing business methodology: According to the announcement of Carroll, Primo Richter (2016), it very well may be expressed that the matter of retailing divisions never stop. This is the motivation behind why Woolworths consistently change their business procedure according to the changing industry condition. It is relying on the interest of the purchasers. Woolworths are reacting this new time by following three habits: They are putting their customers at the core of the association. They are listening what is the buyers prerequisites. Finally, they planned to make new and imaginative methods to shop with them and make a drawn out relationship with the organization. The future exchange: Woolworths has planned to execute versatile innovation in the business. In this specific situation, Stead (2013) opined that a large portion of the customers are eager to buy the items through online rather visiting the store. Accordingly, the buyers can buy items from every one of the side of the world. Clients need to move easily among physical and the virtual stores in this term. What's more, Woolworths incorporate sites, versatile applications, conveyance alternatives and the virtual stores. It very well may be distinguished that Woolworths serves around 18 million purchasers in every one of the week and they esteem every one of the buyers. The association remunerates their unwaveringness to win the purchasers. Likewise, Woolworths plans to give one of a kind cash off suggestion. As per Hubbard, Rice Galvin (2014), Woolworths reward program is the most appealing general store dependability program of Australia. It gives the individuals from the association the limit of winning Wo olworths dollars just as get cash off their shopping. Then again, it very well may be added that Woolworths attempted to speak with the buyers and they listen the customers so as to give them need. In this reason, they attempted to take input from the customers so as to improve their exhibition and the purchaser encounters. Besides, Certo et al., (2016) refered to that shopper talkback is another activity. With the assistance of this technique, the buyers can give the input legitimately to the administration of Woolworths. Accordingly, a superior comprehension between the administration and the partners has created. Woolworths has built up a relationship of trust with the partners so as to make a drawn out relationship. Furthermore, Trigeorgis Reuer (2017) referenced that this retail association concentrated on the three essential business systems, for example, joint effort, reasonableness and the sources. Worth chain exercises of Woolworths: Woolworths statement of purpose is endeavors to give the clients the freshest items. Accordingly, all the worth making elements of this organization engaged with the conveyance of firms guarantees: Woolworths controls the circulation system of the assembling merchandise. Inside these exercises there are two successful capacities, for example, Procurement and strategic. Acquirement Nationalize the buying conduct so as to meet the greater expense reserve funds. The rigid accreditation strategy guarantees more prominent nature of items. Strategic Possession and the operational control engaged with the dissemination chain. Utilizing of present day innovation, which guarantees the ideal conveyance effectiveness just as the cost cutting (Davidsson, Wennberg McKelvie, 2016). The two essential exercises of activities are quality appraisal and the stock administration. Quality appraisal manages the normalize creation, which can recognize and afterward expel the analyst items from the assembling items. Vogel Gttel (2013) opined that stock administration can foresee whether the interest for the retail items will be expanded or diminished. So as to build deals, Woolworths chiefly meant to follow two exercises, for example, in store advancement and the hierarchical dynamism. According to the idea off in store advancement, the association can accomplish the momentary deals, though authoritative dynamism centered to the consistent venture approach in the customer explore. The association can likewise effectively contend with the others in the market. Assess the reasonableness of the authoritative business technique So as to recognize and assess the associations current business technique of Woolworths, it is important to talk about the outer and thee inside fac

Origins of - HOOAH - In The U.S. Military

Origins of - HOOAH - In The U.S. Military From the beginning of time war was present in human civilization not only for conquering other kingdoms, not only for settling differences and disagreements among people but also as a way of defending the homeland and keeping the world in peace and order.In these bloody combats where we, as children of this planet, put hands on each other for the sake of our own interests, horrific war cries are being uttered before, during and after the battle.We know that war is a common thing even in the modern era and that the horrors of the 20th century will never be forgotten.Even though coming into the 21st century the tensions have loosened-up but the battles for peace are not over, and even in peace, the treats are visible.The military in every war in the history of man-kind played the most important part of actually performing the act of killing and fighting for something their country believed in, whether it was freedom, justice or glory.That being said, there is no surprise that every arm y in the world has a different war chant, a phrase or a word when said out loud by every man present gives strength and power to their goal, knowing they are giving up their lives for the wellbeing of their country.So what are these war chants that Im talking about? What are their purpose and meaning? Why are they so important for the soldiers that are shouting it and for us civilians understand the meaning behind it?These questions are hard to answer but not impossible, let us try.BATTLE CRYA war chant, war cry, or battle cry, whatever you want to call it, is a chant used before or after any battle to boost morale or to signify victory.A generals job is to keep the hopes of his troops at the highest level in order to implement in their heads the goal of the battle that awaits them.From the beginning of time, these words or phrases called war chants were, and still, are used to:Assert obedience of the troops â€" a certain way of acting and responding to command.Display dominance â€" to pose a threat to the enemy.Mark the beginning and the end of the battle â€" war is a zero-sum game, you either win or lose.Almost every military in the world has a specific war chant and they all have different meanings but also have one thing in common.It goes without saying that a war chant is never a symbol for the word ‘’no’’, it is always a sign of affirmative action and understanding of the generals’ command.It’s now time for a little bit of history of the word “slogan” and how it is related to the word “war cry”The word “slogan” originates from the Scottish-Gaelic word for gathering-cry and also in times of war for battle-cry, so “sluagh-gairm” or “sluagh-ghairm”, as it’s pronounced, depends on the dialect is made up of two words sluagh which means people or army, and gairm which means call or proclamation.This Gaelic word was later implemented into the English language as “slughorn”, “sluggorne”, slogum, and finally as we know i t today slogan.HOOAHOkay, enough of world history, let’s talk about U.S. history instead. It’s obvious that the largest military force in the world with almost two million soldiers in its disposal, both active and in reserve, the U.S. military, has its own war chant.There are a lot of theories of how this famous war chant first began to be used, and a lot of history to back up its tradition in the army.Even though there are all kinds of variations of the slogan and it has changed over the years, even centuries I may add, this powerful one has the ability to boost a soldier’s moral and keep his head high even when the going gets though.When saying this powerful phrase out loud, it has a sort of a mystical influence to the person shouting, knowing that he and his brothers in arms, ready for the battle coming, or celebrating their accomplishments.Anyone who has been in the military knows the feeling of that special and sacred moment when a battalion of soldiers shout just one ph rase which,   just for a moment, makes them not scared of death and almost immortal.“HOOAH” is shouted by the Air Force Security Forces, Pararescue, and Combat Controllers. “HOO-YAH” is uttered out by Navy SEALs, Navy Divers, and Navy EOD, and by United States Marines who pronounce is as OohRah!Either way, it is a sign of both the beginning of a battle and as a way to express cheerfulness of the troops who came out victorious.Our task today is to talk about the origin and the meaning of this widespread term.SECOND SEMINOLE WAROne of the oldest theories out there on how the term “Hooah” came to be, originated during the Second Seminole War which was fought between the Seminole tribe of Native Americans and the United States which lasted from 1835. until 1842.It was first recorded in a book called “Americas Army and the Language of Grunts: Understanding The Army Lingo Legacy” by E. Kelly Taylor published in 2009.The story goes that the term “hough” originally was u sed in 1841, by the Second Dragoons division during their battles in Florida.Wanting to end the war with the Seminoles, a meeting was arranged with the Seminole Chief Osceola.Chief Osceola wasnt reluctant to make peace with the American authorities and after the meeting, there was a celebration among both sides, and later even a banquet.Garrison officers at the banquet where very much cheerful and made all kinds of toast before drinking, for example, Heres to luck or The old Grudge.Of course, the Chief didnt know a word of English, so an interpreter named Gopher John was asked to explain to him what the officers were saying and said: “It means, How d’ye do”. Chief Osceola lifted his cup above his head and uttered a word sounding like “hough” in a deep, guttural voice.The second version of this story suggests that the first story doesnt make sense since it was recorded that Chief Osceola did actually speak English since his birth name was Billy Powell and that the Chief inv olved was actually Chief Coacoochee.Who you want to believe is up to you, but both reports show that the term is over a hundred years old, and later will be shaped into the phrase we know today as “HOOAH”.Remember, both of these stories took place in the 19th century; not much background is involved to prove the legitimacy of the whole event.However, this interesting anecdote could be taken as the first trace of a slogan in the making.OMAHA BEACHNow this is a more documented story than the one before and is more of a fact than a theory mainly because in a rapid, yet somewhat comical turn of events the term “HOOAH” was, for the first time, used and some may even say, finally born.It was D-Day, 1944, on Omaha Beach near the sea cliffs at Pointe Du Hoc; General Norman Cota who was the 29th Division assistant division commander at that time, ran along the beach as the waves crashed on the soon to be blood-soaked land, toward a group of Rangers from the 2nd Ranger Battalion askin g them where their commanding officer was.Getting the information, he reportedly said: “Lead the way, Rangers”, to which they responded very loudly, yet enthusiastically: “WHO, US?”, and somehow General Cota understood them to say HOOAH, later implementing the slogan as a household phrase.This could very be the true origin of this powerful slogan which is used even today, but this is not where our journey ends.There are more theories out there and we will give them an honorable mention and also try to debunk the true meaning of this famous war chant.CIVIL WARThis is a short story, because as I said there isn’t enough background to stories that happened before WW II, yet it’s worthy of mentioning.The story suggests that the term dates back to the Civil War, being used by the Union and they shouted a term “hoozah” before entering the battle.This theory isn’t acknowledged that much, mainly because there is little evidence that this term later came to be the one which is the subject of our study here.Nevertheless, the theory is out there, and the more the merrier, because it just goes to show how much of this simple phrase “HOOAH” has a lot of interpretations for both its origin and meaning.VIETNAM WARI am a diplomat and I do go into research on international affairs and conflicts but in spite of all that Im in no way choosing sides in this painful part of U.S. history.For the purpose of this specific research, my main goal is to shed light on another theory on the origins of the term “HOOAH”.The Vietnam War, or the Second Indochina War to be exact, lasted for nearly 20 years and was one of the biggest and bloodiest wars since the Second World War.The U.S. and its brave soldiers went out on a mission to bring peace to two separated countries â€" North Vietnam and South Vietnam.4The U.S. was fighting on the side of South Vietnam, while the SSSR and China were on the side of North Vietnam.Now, remember, the war started in 1955, and the Unit ed States joined in 1960; this was also the time of the Cold War so tensions were very high.I’m not going to deep into detail of the war itself, but you can imagine the horrors of it and due to it lasting for 19 years, the U.S. army soldiers spent a lot of time there which had an impact on not only their military experience but also army jargon.Now how is the term “HOOAH” linked to the Vietnam War?Simple, the Vietnamese word for yes is pronounced u-ah”, and was used as an answer by soldiers when assigned to do a task or asked a question.Knowing that the war lasted for nearly two decades, it’s no surprise that the word “u-ah” because of its frequent use by Vietnamese soldiers was later transformed into “hooah” by the U.S. Army, and the rest is history.But, yes there is always a but, there are still several different theories on how the slogan came into existence not just in the army, but more specifically, in the navy.THE U.S. MARINESNow this theory is a little diff erent from the rest because it’s not about the specific term “hooah” and how it originated, yet it’s still linked to a similar slogan that the Navy Marines use â€" “OohRah”.What is even more interesting in this case is that nobody knows how this term originated, but still there are two popular stories surrounding its origin:Little is known about this story and its background, but it explains that somehow “OohRah” was derived by either a Turkish or Russian battle cry and was adopted by the Marines on their missions in the Middle East. Now what does give this theory some legitimacy is a large number of interventions in the Middle East, but the mystery still holds.This is a more popular theory based on a movie from 1957, called The D.I.. The role of Sargent Jim Moore was played by Jack Webb, and in a scene, he commands his troop with a sentence: Let me hear you ROAR, tigers!; many say this was the origin of the term OohRAh due to the movies success, but still, the myste ry remains.Whether you believe these theories or not, they are the only ones out there explaining the origin of this slogan, also there is still no evidence if it is related to the term “hooah”, but my lucky guess is that they have somewhat the same meaning, and they definitely don’t mean “no”. H.U.A.We talked about the origin of this term, how it was formed, and where it was first used, so now it’s time to debunk it’s meaning, and to answer your question right away, it does actually have a meaning other than a catchy phrase shouted by soldiers with adrenalin pumping in their veins.Heard, Understood and Acknowledged, or H.U.A. for short, may well be the true meaning of “HOOAH”.This acronym dates back to the Revolutionary War and also the Civil War, and taking into consideration all that we talked about earlier, this could be both the formal origin and meaning of this powerful term.What is interesting to know is that different variations of the term H.U.A. were prob ably used by military units from different regions of the South and North and were interpreted in their own way due to dialect, as well as by foreign advisers during the years prior to the Revolutionary War.Keep in mind that even this is a theory but a solid one, however, it is yet to be discovered whether it should be ratified as official evidence for the origin of “HOOAH”.Someone should definitely write a book on just this term and present historical facts for its origin and development over the course of one and a half century of its supposed existence.Okay now that we have the origin and the meaning in some degree explained, let’s see what the Military thinks about this term and for what purpose is it used in the army.THE ARMY’s ANSWERTruth be told, there is still no definite proof of any of these stories linked to the origins of “hooah”, but the Army doesn’t seem to have an answer either, considering that the Army did not respond to multiple inquiries from Task P urpose for confirmation.However, the soldiers don’t really seem to mind too much the lack of historical proof of its origin either, as they are still aware that this term means what it means and that is â€" head into battle.Ask any soldier you want, he will tell you that the general’s role is to issue a command and the troop’s role is to follow it. Whether you shout “Hooah” or “OohRah”, or maybe even “Hoozah”, by that act you are agreeing with the command given and are ready for battle.There is no better way to mold a soldier into a real one, then constantly repeating his duties and by motivating him to be focused on his task.When you have an army of brave soldiers willing to risk their lives, fighting for a cause that they believe in, knowing that one phrase shouted at the right time can set them off and flung them into battle, only then you will understand the strength of this term at its fullest. FINAL WORDIn this conclusion I want to summarize all that was said previously by first making a list of what we learned today:Origin â€" First things first, as you could see for yourself, pinpointing the origin of this phrase is a hard thing to pull off. That being said, I would like to suggest that by taking all of the theories into consideration we are giving the legitimacy of the term “HOOAH” as a U.S. war chant, and that was the main purpose of these theories from the beginning.Meaning â€" Second, the formal meaning is still not fully constructed, but as we talked earlier, there may not even be a reason for the term to have a special meaning; it should rather mean anything that has something to do with confirmation of the order given and its successful execution.Use â€" Third and final thing that is important to know is its usage in combat, and we also talked about that several times before, but there is no reason not to highlight its power once more. It boosts the overall morale of the troops, making them feel that they are fighting for a cause and assuring them that what they are doing is right, they feel like true soldiers who march into battle and maybe even certain that and all that to maintain peace and justice in the world.It’s tough to be a soldier in today’s scary world full of violence far away from home and from loved ones, knowing that this day can be your last; anything that can ease the pain of war is welcomed and sure is helpful to keep your head high, making you endure all the troubles and horrors and coming out victorious.We should all be thankful for every brave man and woman serving in the army, contributing to the nation that they belong to, and fighting for peace in this world which has yet to be acquired.Maybe someday we will learn to settle our differences not through blood but through words, but conflicts are inevitable because we are human beings and as humans, we are naturally violent and chaotic.I wish for a day when we all as people, not just of our birthplaces, but of planet earth, sh out out HOOAH in our own language but not for the purpose of war, but instead for the purpose of global human well-being. It is a dream now, but maybe in the future, it will become a reality.For now, all we can do is to hope and pray that the wars stop, and justice comes.

London Business School Admissions Director Interview Available Online

document.createElement('audio'); http://media.blubrry.com/admissions_straight_talk/p/www.accepted.com/chat/transcripts/2011/londonbusinessschool.mp3Podcast (accepted-admissions-podcast): Play in new window | Download | EmbedSubscribe: Apple Podcasts | Android | Google PodcastsWe had an excellent QA last week with Mary Ferreira, Karen Benge, and Payal Patel from the London Business School. The excerpt below provides an insider look at how the adcom readers determine fit, especially when it comes to how applicants relate their career goals in their essays. Linda Abraham: Do you look for students who have a clear idea of where they want to go, both professionally and geographically? Karen Benge: Geographically, not as much. I think what’s most important is that people are really reflective on their career to-date and they think about why they want to do an MBA, why they want to do one now, why they want to come to London for it, why they want to do a London Business School MBA, and how they can see that fitting into the career path that they envision for themselves. Everybody knows you’ll be exposed to a lot of different career paths and different industries and job functions that you might not have even heard of before you joined, so we appreciate that people may change or adapt their plans, but it’s important that we see the applicants have reflected on the things I mentioned about where they want to be with their MBA when they come to apply. As much as anything it’s about making sure that the student is therefore a good fit for the school, given what they want to do, and the school is a good fit for them as well, that the expectations are right, and someone can really achieve what they want to achieve by coming here. For the entire conversation, please view the transcript or listen to the complete audio file on our website. Want to read more about London Business Schools admissions practices? Check out our London Business School B-School Zone. Still not sure where you should apply? Download our special report, Best MBA Programs: A Guide to Selecting the Right One, to help you assess your profile and determine your personal fit with top business schools. To automatically receive notices about these MBA admissions chats and other MBA admissions events, please subscribe to our MBA event list. Accepted.com ~ Helping You Write Your Best

Kantian Ethics and Christian Ethics - 1400 Words

Kantian Ethics and Christian Ethics Immanuel Kant the founder of the Categorical Imperative (CI) argues that morality is based on standards of rationality. Therefore, to act in disaccord with the CI is to act irrationally or immorally. In comparison to Christianity, to act immorally is to act in disagreement with Gods laws. Kants CI is formulated into three different ways, which include: The Universal Law Formulation, The Humanity or End in Itself Formulation, and The Kingdom of Ends Formulation (Stanford) . The first to formulas combine to create the final formulation. Christianity closely relates to each formula, except for the final formulation. Christianity provides context where following the CI will not result in moral†¦show more content†¦In the scenario Lying to the Murderer at the Door the murderer was to ask Kant where is his victim. Based on his CI he cannot lie in any circumstance, thus making him tell the murderer where his victim is, furthermore making Kant p artly responsible for the victims death. Benjamin Constant attacked Kant immediately by saying The moral principle, it is a duty to tell the truth, would make any society impossible if it were taken singly and unconditionally. Kant responded with his own document called On a Supposed right to Lie From Altruistic Motives where he stated To tell the truth is thus a duty: but is a duty only in respect to one who has a right to the truth. This argument completely destroys his CI. Kants philosophy is priori which means that through reason all laws can be used in any situation. One who has the right to truth cannot be determined before understanding the persons intentions. You cannot automatically know not to lie in every situation, because you must interpret the situation. 2 Corinthians 5:10 tells us For we must all appear before the judgment seat of Christ, so that each one may receive what is due for what he has done in the body, whether good or evil. God is the one to decide if we a re to lie or not, thus Kant is lacking faith and judgment in his first Formulation. 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Book Report On Ethical Decision Making - 830 Words

Ethics Hamed Alanazi Book Report Ethical decision-making 10th edition Ethics The book I chose is â€Å"Business ethics: Ethical decision-making† 10th edition is written by O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Ferrell. It was published by Cengage Learning in 2014. This book consists of almost 340 pages and five parts. According to Amazon this book is among top seller. Something extraordinary about this book is that, this book highlight several cases related to the business ethics that help the reader to develop better understanding of how to solve several ethical issues in different situations. The authors O. C. Ferrell, John Fraedrich, Ferrell hold remarkable credibility. O.C. Ferrell is a Ph. D. from Louisiana State University. He is also a distinguished professor of at Belmont University. Recently he have served nine years as Creative Enterprise Scholar and marketing professor at University of New Mexico. 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Teen Suicide A Growing Problem Essay - 1541 Words

Suicide is a permanent solution to a temporary problem.; Teen suicide as an extremely complex tragedy, that unfortunately happens all the time throughout the United States. There are friends, parents, and peers that are facing the misfortune of losing a young, close, loved one to suicide. Most people dont realize that adolescent suicide is common. They dont want to believe how often this occurs in the secure environment found in the small towns of America, as well as in its largest cities. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15 to 24 year olds, and the sixth leading cause for 5 to 14 year olds. Suicide accounts for twelve percent of the mortality in the adolescent and young adult group.†¦show more content†¦? Loss of interest in pleasurable activities. ? Not tolerating praise or rewards. ? Complain of being rotten inside; ? Give verbal hints with statements such as: I wont be a problem for you much longer,; Nothing matters,; Its no use,; I wont see you again.; ? Put his/her affairs in orderamp;#8212;for example, give away favorite possessions, clean his/her room, throw away important belongings, etc. ? Become suddenly cheerful after a period of depression. There are many misconceptions about suicide. These are also known as myths of suicide. For some reason people tend to think that adolescents who talk about suicide are not serious about doing it. This is untrue, it has been proven that almost all suicidal teens have at one point verbally or nonverbally, told someone about their considering suicide. This leads to another myth, that suicide happens without warning. For the same reason as the myth, adolescents arent serious about it, suicide usually occurs with at least one warning. Some other myths are once an adolescent is suicidal, he/she must always and forever be considered suicidal (adolescent who once considered suicide) ; if an adolescent attempts suicide and survives, he/she will not make and additional attempt (adolescent who actually made the attempt); Adolescents who commit suicide always leave notes (only a small percentage actually leave notes); Most adolescent suicidesShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Growing Problem of Tee n Suicide2343 Words   |  10 Pages A mother finds her 17 year old teenage son hanging from the rafters of their basement. To hear of this occurrence is not rare in society today. Every 90 minutes a teenager in this country commits suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds. The National suicide rate has increased 78% between 1952 and 1992. The rate for 15-19 year olds rose from two per 100,000 to 12.9, more than 600 percent. 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The Role Of Client s Mentor / Social Worker - 1576 Words

On the onset of meeting with the client rapport was established. Our sessions consisted of exploring solutions, developing personal growth and giving encouragement and support. Client played a role in the decision making process and was aware of the steps and changes that had to be made in order to achieve each goal in his plan. The most important aspect of my role as client’s mentor/social worker is providing empowerment and offering guidance on education and career activities and assisting client in getting involved in training programs within his areas of interest as well as focusing on his recovery. Throughout each session, client was engaged in dialogues that focuses on increasing his self esteem and was taught specific strategies for†¦show more content†¦He is currently receiving treatment for his mental health diagnosis. Client has also decided on being referred to our outpatient substance abuse treatment program to assist in reducing influences in his current life circumstances that might motivate him to relapse or offend. Although few drug abusers who seek treatment are able to abstain for any significant period of time, those who enter treatment and stick with it benefit tremendously as does society (Danzer, 2012). His primary counselor and myself works collaboratively to ensure that client received the best treatment that would effectively assist him in developing skills to maintain abstinence and to achieve future success. In addition, client was approved by his half-way housing to attend Narcotic Anonymous (NA) meetings once weekly; this meeting is held at the agency. In a cross-sectional study of NA members, longer abstinence durations were associated with lower levels of anxiety (DeLucia, Bergman, Beitra, Howrey, Seibert, Ellis, Mizrachi, 2016). According to researcher findings, non-medication therapies like NA emphasize abstinence rather than maintenance on opioids and on their concern even medically prescribed methadone, is viewed as a mood altering drug that reinforces substance dependence and impede recovery (Khodabandeh, Kahani, Shadnia, Abdollahi, 2012). Client’s decision to attend NA meeting has helped him regain his

How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior Free Essays

How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior There is a fine line between status and role. Status is the position or a rank in a group or social structure. An example of this would be the president, Barack H. We will write a custom essay sample on How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Obama. The president is a status because it is a position in a social structure; in this case, Barack H. Obama would be the president of America. On the other hand, a role is an assumed or an expected way a person should behave. For example, a mother is an assumed position where as soon as a female gives birth, they are expected to take care of the child, and thus called â€Å"mother. In Philip G. Zimbardo’s article, â€Å"The Pathology Of Imprisonment,† (pg. 140, 2011) Zimbardo wanted to simulate a prison environment and see the psychological and how the roles of the guards and prisoners develop. Zimbardo did this by creating a advertisement in the newspaper and hired two dozen young men who were at first, all on the same playing field; all of them had no criminal record, emotionally stable, normal, and were all intelligent and from middle class families. The important part about this is that the role of prisoner and the role of guard were chosen by the flip of a coin which meant that the roles were completely random and the prison environment would be the only factor in how it shaper the boys behaviors. Throughout the experiment, the boys were videotaped so that Zimbardo could observe the behavior. Very quickly Zimbardo noticed that the guards became more and more aggressive towards the prisoners, and the prisoners reacted exactly how a real prisoner would react. Zimbardo states that the guards came up with many creative ways to control the prisoners. In one case, a rebellious prisoner, who refused to eat, was in solitary, and the rest of the prisoners were given a choice, whether to let the prisoner out and give up their blankets, or keep the blankets and keep the rebellious prisoner in solitary for the night. In the end, it was every man for himself and the rest of the prisoners chose to have their blankets. The only incentive for the prisoners was the pay of fifteen dollars per day, but some had to be cut short because of their reactions to the prison environment, such as crying, depression, and insanity. It was clear that the boys who were supposed to play the role of prisoners and guards were now acting in the mindset as if their status was really the prisoner and the guard. In fact, the experiment got too realistic and Zimbardo’s two-week experiment had to be cut short to six days. In Harvey Molotch’s article, (pg. 66, 2011)â€Å"The Rest Room and Equal Opportunity,† the author argues that even if men and women have equal amount of space in the bathrooms, it does not guarantee equal opportunity in the bathrooms because of the different roles of women and men. Men can use urinals, which take up less space than toilets and women need their own private stalls because of their specific needs. The author also suggests how western culture shapes the way how women use t he bathroom, such as doing make up and gossiping. Therefore the differences in roles of women and men cause unequal opportunities even if they are given the same opportunity. How to cite How Roles and Statuses Affect Behavior, Papers

International Business Economics and Anthropology

Question: Discuss about the International Business and Economics and Anthropology. Answer: Introduction Business in Singapore tends to treat in a different way in the comparison with the business of the other countries. As mentioned by Buckley (2016), it can be mentioned that the organisations are depending upon the industry attractiveness, competition and the other individual consumers. The companies mainly aimed to maintain a long term relationship with their stakeholders, so that the satisfaction level of them would be increased. This would in turn also reflect the decision making process of the organisations. This study has highlighted the business performance of Far East Orchard Limited. This organisation is popular as the famous property developer of Singapore. The background of the study has highlighted the internal and the external factors, which have the influential effect on the business, would be discussed. On the other hand, who are its major competitors and what are their market share can be identified in this study. Moreover, this study has also described the effect of negative externalities on the business. This study also emphasizes the macro economical perspective of the organisation. Background of the company and business environment Far East Orchard Limited is the greatest private property developer of Singapore. The reputation of the organisation within the Singapore real estate industry has been growing with the rise in time (Cronk Wickramasekera, 2013). Therefore, the valuation of the consumers would be improved. The Far East Limited has also make their business successful in hospitality, retailing, commercial and the industrial sectors. The organisation has established in the year of 20152. Within these few years, the real estate organisation has performed their operation successfully. Far East Limited mainly aimed to maintain a good relationship with the stakeholders, so that the trust on the operation of the organisation would be increased (Biondi Zambon, 2013). On the other hand, it can be added that this real estate organisation would focus to make a partnership in the hospitality business along with the Straits Trading Organisation and thee Toga Group, Australia. Far East Limited also performed in the global market. They have 90 properties and also have 90 properties around the world. In addition, they made more than 13000 rooms across the seven nations (Gillespie, 2013). Moreover, in Singapore, it has made one of the largest hospitality portfolios of the country, which comprises 20 hotels. The mission statement of the organisation is to operate their business by serving with love, honesty, integrity and with grace. This real estate organisation has grown their services Australia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary and also in the New Zealand, Malaysia along with Singapore (Granger, 2014). This implies that most of the customers of Far East limited are belonging from the other countries, although major consumers are belonging from Singapore. This proves that Far East organisation has expanded their business in the international market so effectively, that the consumers are willing to take the service of this organisation. On the other hand,, it can be identified the major consumers of this organisations are the middle aged persons, who are willing to purchase a house and are willing to increase their amount of assets. Based on their choice, taste and preferences, Far East Orchard Limited has tried to make their buildings. As a result, the satisfaction level as well as their requirements would match with them and they are willing to purchase it. The major competitors of this organisation are identified as the Mapletree Commercial Trust, Weiye Holdings Limited, Bukit Sembawang Estate, Hong Fok Corporation Ltd, Capitaland Commercial Trust etc. These all real estate organisations are belonging from Singapore. Far East Limited also has many international competitors as this organisation also successfully across seven countries. The Australian competitors are such as Real Estate Institute of New South Wales, the Real estate Institute of Australia etc. Other competitors are such as Deutsche Immobilieen Holding AG, Phoneix Real Estate Development etc. This study is helpful to identify the market share of Far East Orchard Limited along with its major competitors. Name Sales turnover Net profitability (%) Total assets Far East Orchard Limited 318.13 10.76 16.98 Mapletree Commercial Trust 83.01 110.47 1.38 Weiye Holdings Limited 77.19 7.62 83.96 Bukit Sembawang Estate 39.14 24.24 74.75 CapitaLand Commercial Trust 14.02 112.47 1.92 Table 1: Market share (Source: Created by author) In this context, it can be mentioned that Far East Orchard Limited is belonging from the perfectly competitive market. It is known that in the monopoly type market structure, there are single seller and number of buyers. However, in the market of Singapore, it can be noticed that there are a large number of sellers in the real industry of Singapore and the products are perfect substitutes to each other. Production cost and scale In the opinion of Shepherd (2015), the factors of production are an economic concept that infers to all the inputs of the production process. These factors of production are used by the organisation to produce goods and services in order to achieve the organisational goals and gain high profit margin. The land, labour, capital and the assets are the main factors of production that an organisation can possess. However, in the current market economy, the skills of the labour, materials, equipment and the management processes are considered as the factor of production. Any kind of asset that the Far East Organization incorporates into the workplace in order to establish the business falls under the variable of production. In order to produces the desired goods and services for the market, the organisation requires information related to the market in which it operates. The land, labour and capital of Far East Organization contributes as a great source for achieving the information. The labour includes the performance level of the labourers in the organisation. The capital of organisation further refers to the tools and management that Far East Organization uses in order to produce different goods and services. According to Hill (2014), there are two types of factors of production such as the fixed factor of production and the variable factor of production. The fixed variables in the production process are those that remain unchanged with the change in output level or due to the change in the economic condition. The amount of fixed variable remains unchanged, even if the level of output increases decreases or becomes zero. The fixed variables of Far East Organization are the land, machineries, building or infrastructure, organisational hierarchy and management (Andries Czarnitzki, 2014). On the other hand, the variable factors of production changes according to the level of output. The variable factors of the organisations are the fuels to run the machineries, labours, power of the management and the raw materials. Chen Jiang (2016) mentioned that as the output level of the organization increases, the need for variable factors also increases. On contradictory, when the output is less or n ear about zero, the need for variable factors falls. The optimal size of an organization can be effectively determined by an analysing the fixed and variable factors of production. From the financial reports of the organisation, it can be observed that the profit margin has decreased over the recent years. It can be thus inferred that the cost of the organisation is higher than the revenue earned. The return to scale of Far East Organization shows a downward trend (Fareastorchard.com.sg, 2017). However, the cost structure of the company shows that the optimal size of Far East Organization is large. The fixed cost of the company is relatively lower than the variable cost. The cost structure of the company can therefore be considered unstable. The fall in the profit level and decreasing returns to scale are information that helps to determine the breakeven point of the company. Based on the breakeven point the managers can consider decisions regarding the production and output level. Macro business environment According to Andries Czarnitzki (2014), it can be mentioned that the macro business environment is helpful to influence the operation of the business in case of the decision making process. This would in turn reflect the organisational performance and the business strategies. In this context, the economical, political, legal, demographic, technological changes would influence the decision making process of Far East Orchard Limited. Far East Orchard Limited has each of the real estate organisations has an impact on the changing macro business environment. On the other hand, Boons et al., (2013) opined that in case of political as well as economical factors of the business, the real estate organisation has also affected by the instable situation. In this connection, it can be inferred that the instability condition of the nations legislation would tend to influence the performance of the business. Moreover, instead of affecting the rate of demand, the government of Singapore has a positive effect on the pricing structure, output level and the performance of the organisation. In the points of Bocken et al., (2013), the taxonomy structure, rigid policy and regulations, standardization as well as subsidies would incline to make a pressure on the capacity of the corporation. On the other hand, in case of the product differentiation within the industry, the government of the economy would be inclined towards the outlo ok of each of the nature in a separated formation. The political feature would in turn have a medium and lower stability characteristic in Singapore. Moreover, the economical market of the country would be inclined to have a greater effect on Far East Orchard Limited. The policies of monetary authority of Singapore, the rate of gross domestic product, the alteration in the foreign exchange rate, valuation of the lands, and the other effective pressure on the productivity of the organisation. In this connection, it can be mentioned that the GDP growth rate of Singapore is US$307.9 billion (in the year of 2015) and the position of the country is at 36 within the world. Moreover, the rate of inflation has increased by 1% from the previous year (2014). On the other hand, Boons Ldeke-Freund (2013) argued that the unemployment rate of Singapore has decreased by 2%. This economic performance proves that the country has the higher level of capacity to improve the performance of the economy. As per the statement of Hahn et al., (2014), it can be mentioned that an increase in the job opportunities is helpful to increase the operational fun ctionality of the industry. It can be noticed that the continuous growth rate of GDP of Singapore proves that this would has a positive impact on the real estate industry. In addition, Ahi Searcy (2013) cited that the number of employment would be increased. The purchasing power parity and the standard of living of Singapore would also improve. The exchange rate of the count6ry can be estimated as 1 Singapore Dollar= 0.70 US Dollar, therefore make an effect on the foreign business exchange of Far East Orchard Limited. From the above analysis, it can be mentioned that the products of Far East Orchard Limited are supposed to be normal goods. In this connection, it can be mentioned that if the income of the consumers rises, then the quantity demand will be increased. In addition, it can be added that the price of the products are remaining constant. Therefore, it can be added that thee income elasticity of demand is positive. Hence, if the country suffers from recession, then the consumers will feel reluctant to purchase the products. Sustainability factors of the business It can be mentioned that Far East real estate organisation creates negative externalities in their production process. In order to carry out their operation, this organisation usually used to utilise several harmful chemicals such as chlorine and sulphur based products. By releasing these products in the environment, the air would be polluted (Bansal DesJardine, 2014). In addition, it can be added that the health status of the surroundings would be affected. These external costs of production would be carried out by Far east organisation. In the points of Barkemeyer et al., (2014), it can be mentioned that the organisation would be concerned to the private expenses of generation (MPC) in case of the absence of the government of the country. As a result, it can be inferred that the organisation would be able to deliver at the level where, the MPC curve would intersect the minimal social benefit (MSB) curve. More specifically, this level can be determined by the quantity of Q1 and pri ce level P1. Moreover, it can be added that the private expenses of the organisation would keep out the marginal social expenditure creation (MSC) curve. In this case, Lorek Spangenberg (2014) opined that the organisation were producing at the level where MSB= MSC. This situation can be explained with the concept of Pareto optimality or the yielding of socially effective outcome. Therefore, it can be stated that the organisation would be able to deliver at the level of Q* as well as price level P*. This would not occur in the free market structure. The effect of this negative externality can be seen by the differentiation of MPC curve and the MSC curve. The shaded region highlights the welfare misfortune of the society. It can be mentioned that in order to mitigate the negative externalities, the government of Singapore requires to impose Pigouvian taxation policy on the real estate organisation (Chen Jiang, 2016). This taxation policy is benefitted to control the ineffective market structure. Moreover, this specific taxation policy aims to set the social cost in such a manner that the negative externalities would be reduced on the environment. Moreover, it can be mentioned that the presence of the negative externalities, the social cost of the organisation cannot be covered with the help of private cost. Therefore, it can be inferred that Pigovian taxation is helpful to increase the social welfare of an economy. Consumption of the products can create position externalities as the consumption of products would raise the utility of the consumers. The customers also capable to achieve the demand and also can satisfy the consumers necessities (Biondi Zambon, 2013). Moreover, the viability of an organisation can be estimated by the long term survival. This real estate organisation of Singapore also has a positive nature and also has competitive advantage within the real estate industry. Far East Orchard Limited is identified as the greatest private property developer of Singapore. They mainly aimed to the business innovations. According to Hill, Cronk Wickramasekera (2013), it can be stated that the sustainability practices would improve the financial returns. Conclusion In this study, the business environment of Far East Orchard Limited has been discussed. After analysing the study, it can be observed that it is the largest property developer organisation in Singapore. The profitability statement and the market share of the organisation is also stable. Nevertheless, it can be observed that the number of competitors have been increasing, hence, it can be recommended that a continuous improvement is necessary to hold the position in the industry both in the domestic market and also in the international market. In addition, it can be stated that the organisation has both the fixed cost and the variable assets. Lastly, this study has highlighted the effect of the negative externality on the environment and this negative impact can be diminished with the help of Pigovian taxation policy has also described. References Ahi, P., Searcy, C. (2013). A comparative literature analysis of definitions for green and sustainable supply chain management.Journal of Cleaner Production,52, 329-341. Andries, P., Czarnitzki, D. (2014). Small firm innovation performance and employee involvement.Small business economics,43(1), 21-38. Annual Reports Circulars | Far East Orchard Limited | Singapore. (2017).Fareastorchard.com.sg. Retrieved 10 January 2017, from https://www.fareastorchard.com.sg/annual-reports-and-circulars.html Bansal, P., DesJardine, M. R. (2014). Business sustainability: It is about time.Strategic Organization,12(1), 70-78. Barkemeyer, R., Holt, D., Preuss, L., Tsang, S. (2014). What happened to the developmentin sustainable development? Business guidelines two decades after Brundtland.Sustainable Development,22(1), 15-32. Biondi, Y., Zambon, S. (Eds.). (2013).Accounting and business economics: Insights from national traditions. Routledge. Bocken, N. M. P., Short, S. W., Rana, P., Evans, S. (2014). A literature and practice review to develop sustainable business model archetypes.Journal of cleaner production,65, 42-56. Bohnsack, R., Pinkse, J., Kolk, A. (2014). Business models for sustainable technologies: Exploring business model evolution in the case of electric vehicles.Research Policy,43(2), 284-300. Boons, F., Ldeke-Freund, F. (2013). Business models for sustainable innovation: state-of-the-art and steps towards a research agenda.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 9-19 Boons, F., Montalvo, C., Quist, J., Wagner, M. (2013). Sustainable innovation, business models and economic performance: an overview.Journal of Cleaner Production,45, 1-8. Buckley, P. J. (2016).International business: economics and anthropology, theory and method. Springer. Chen, Y., Jiang, Q. (2016). Estimation for Production Factors in World Major Economies.International Journal of Financial Research,7(5), p99. Gillespie, A. (2013).Business economics. Oxford University Press. Granger, C. W. J. (2014).Forecasting in business and economics. Academic Press. Hahn, T., Preuss, L., Pinkse, J., Figge, F. (2014). Cognitive frames in corporate sustainability: Managerial sensemaking with paradoxical and business case frames.Academy of Management Review,39(4), 463-487. Hill, B. (2014). Production economics: theory of the firm.An introduction to economics: concepts for students of agriculture and the rural sector, (Ed. 4), 72-114. Hill, C. W., Cronk, T., Wickramasekera, R. (2013).Global business today. McGraw-Hill Education (Australia). Lorek, S., Spangenberg, J. H. (2014). Sustainable consumption within a sustainable economybeyond green growth and green economies.Journal of cleaner production,63, 33-44. Shepherd, R. W. (2015).Theory of cost and production functions. Princeton University Press.